Resources

Anon (1992) CITES RST. Review of Asian pangolins. Final Report, CITES Animals Committee, March 1992

Anon (1994) Proposal to transfer African pangolins to Appendix II. Cop9

Anon (2008) Pangolin conservation stakeholders workshop. Participant handout. Hosted by the Forestry Administration of Cambodia and Conservation International-Cambodia, with support from the Pangolin Conservation Support Initiative. Thma Bang Field Station, Central Cardamoms Protected Forest, Koh Kong Province, November 4th and 5th 2008.

Challender, D. W. S., Baillie, J. E. M., Waterman, C. and the IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group (2012) Catalysing conservation action and raising the profile of pangolins – the IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group (PangolinSG).  Asian Journal of Conservation Biology 1(2): 140-141.

Chao, J-T., Tsao, E.H., Traylor-Holzer, K., Reed, D. and Leus, K. (eds.). 2005. Formosan Pangolin Population and Habitat Viability Assessment: Final Report. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, Apple Valley, MN.

DNPWC and DoF. 2018. Pangolin Conservation Action Plan for Nepal (2018-2022). Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and Department of Forests, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Fletcher, L. (2016) Developing a strategy for pangolin conservation in Brunei: Refining guidelines for the release of confiscated animals and gathering baseline data. 1stop Brunei Wildlife Club.

Zhou, Z-M., Zhou, Y. and Newman, C. (2014) Scaling up pangolin protection in China. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 12(2):97-98.

Aisher, A. (2016) Scarcity, alterity and value: decline of the pangolin, the world’s most trafficked mammal. Conservation and Society 14 (4): 317-329

Anon. (2010) Understanding the motivations: the first step toward influencing China's unsustainable wildlife consumption. TRAFFIC East Asia.

Chaber, A-L., Allebone-Webb, S., Lignereux, Y., Cunningham, A.A. and Rowcliffe, J.M. (2010) The scale of illegal meat importation from Africa to Europe via Paris. Conservation Letters 3 (5): 317-323

Challender, D.W.S., Wu, S.B., Nijman, V. and MacMillan, D.C. (2014) Changing behavior to tackle the wildlife trade. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 12 (4): 203

Shairp, R., Veríssimo, D., Fraser, I., Challender, D. and MacMillan, D. (2016) Understanding urban demand for wild meat in Vietnam: implications for conservation actions. PLOS ONE11 (1): e0134787

Vallianos, C. Pangolins on the Brink. Wild Aid San Francisco, CA

Venkataraman, B. (Comps) (2007) A matter of attitude: the consumption of wild animal products in Ha Noi, Viet Nam. TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Greater Mekong Programme, Ha Noi, Viet Nam

Veríssimo, D., Challender, D.W.S. and Nijman, V. (2012) Wildlife trade in Asia: start with the consumer. Asian Journal of Conservation Biology 1 (2): 49-50

Whiting, M.J., Williams, V.L. and Hibbitts, T.J. (2010) Animals traded for traditional medicine at the Faraday market in South Africa: species diversity and conservation implications. Journal of Zoology 284: 84-96

Zhang, L. and Yin, F. (2013) Wildlife consumption and conservation awareness in China: a long way to go. Biodiversity Conservation 23: 2371-2381

Akpona, H.A., Djagoun, C.A.M.S. and Sinsin, B. (2008) Ecology and ethnozoology of the three-cusped pangolin Manis tricuspis (Mammalia, Pholidota) in the Lama forest reserve, Benin. Mammalia 72:198-202

Akrin, F., Mahmood, T., Hussain, R., Qasim, S. and Zangi, I. (2017) Distribution pattern, population estimation and threats to the Indian pangolin Manis crassicaudata (Mammalia: Pholidota: Manidae) in and around Pir Lasura National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.  Journal of Threatened Taxa 9 (3): 9920-9927

Allen, G.M. and Loveridge, A. (1942) Scientific results of a fourth expedition to forested areas in east and central Africa. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 91: 237-373

Allen, G.M. The Mammals of China and Mongolia. New York, American Museum of Natural History, 1938-1940

Anon (2003) Pangolins (Mammalia: Pholidota) of India. ENVIS Newsletter, Vol. 9 No. 1&2, Zoological Survey of India.

Anon (2016) Current Status of the Indian pangolin in Chiplun taluka of Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra, India. Unpublished report.

Beck, A. (2008) Electric fence induced mortality in South Africa.   MSc Dissertation. School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences. University of Witwatersrand

Bruce, T., Kamta, R., Mbobda, R. B. T., Kanto, S. T., Djibrilla, D., Moses, I., Deblauwe, V., Njabo, K., LeBreton, M., Ndjasi, C., Barichievy, C. and Olson, D. (2018). Locating Giant Ground Pangolins (Smutsia gigantea) Using Camera Traps on Burrows in the Dja Biosphere Reserve, Cameroon. Tropical Conservation Science 11: 1-5

Challender, D. (2009) Asian Pangolins: how behavioural research can contribute to their conservation.  Proceedings of the Workshop on Trade and Conservation of Pangolins Native to South and Southeast Asia. p95-102

Chong, J.L., Muhammad, H.S. and Marina, H. (2016) Conservation of the Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) in peninsular Malaysia: important findings and conclusions. Malayan Nature Journal 68 (4): 161-171

Corlett, R.T. (2007) The impact of hunting on the mammalian fauna of tropical Asian forests. Biotropica 39 (3): 292-303

Esselstyn, J.A., Widmann, P. and Heaney, L.R. (2004) The mammals of Palawan Island, Philippines.  Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 117 (3): 271–302

Fan, C-Y. (2005) Burrow habitat of Formosan pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) at Feitsui Reservoir. MSc Thesis. School of Forestry and Resource Conservation National Taiwan University.

Hatt, R.T. (1934) The pangolins and aard-varks collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. Bulletin American Museum of Natural History

Heaney, L.R. (1998) A synopsis of the mammalian fauna of the Philippine Islands. Fieldiana. Zoology, New Series no. 88

Heath, M.E. and Coulsin, I. (1998) Measurements of length and mass in a wild population of Cape pangolins (Manis temminckii) in north-west Zimbabwe. African Journal Ecology 36: 267-270

Heath, M.E. (1992) Manis pentadactyla. Mammalian Species 414: 1-6

Heath, M.E. (1995) Manis crassicaudata. Mammalian Species 513: 1-4

Heath, M.E. and Coulson, I.M. (1997) Home range size and distribution in a wild population of Cape pangolins, Manis temminckii, in north-west Zimbabwe.  African Journal of Ecology 35: 94-109

Hedges, L. and Aziz, S.A. (2013) A novel interaction between a sun bear and pangolin in the wild.  In International Bear News Quarterly Newsletter of the International Association for Bear Research and Management (IBA) and the IUCN SSC Bear Specialist Group. Spring 2013 22(1):31-32

Herklots, G.A.C. (1937) The pangolin or scaly ant-eater.  The Hong Kong Naturalist 8 (2): 78 -83

Ingram, D. J., Willcox, D. and Challender, D. W. S. (2019). Evaluation of the application of methods used to detect and monitor selected mammalian taxa to pangolin monitoring. Global Ecology and Conservation 18 (e00632)

Irshad, N., Mahmood, T., Hussain, R. and Nadeem, M.S. (2015) Distribution, abundance and diet of the Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata). Animal biology 65: 57-71

Jnawali, S.R., Baral, H.S., Lee, S., Acharya, K.P., Upadhyay, G.P., Pandey, M., Shrestha, R., Joshi, D., Laminchhane, B.R., Griffiths, J., Khatiwada, A. P., Subedi, N., and Amin, R. (compilers) (2011) The Status of Nepal Mammals: The National Red List Series. Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Kathmandu, Nepal.

Karawita, H., Perera, P., Gunawardane, P. and Dayawansa, N. (2018). Habitat preference and den characterization of Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) in a tropical lowland forested landscape of southwest Sri Lanka. PLOS ONE 13 (11): e0206082

Katuwal, H.B., Neupane, K.R., Adhikari, D., Sharma, M. and Thapa, S. (2015) Pangolins in Eastern Nepal: trade and ethno-medicinal importance.  Journal of Threatened Taxa 7 (9): 7563-7567

Khwaja, H., Buchan, C., Wearn, O. R., Bahaa-el-din, L., Bantlin, D., Bernard, H., Bitariho, R., Bohm, T., Borah, J., Brodie, J., Chutipong, W., du Preez, B., Ebang-Mbele, A., Edwards, S., Fairet, E., Frechette, J. L., Garside, A., Gibson, L., Giordano, A., Gopi, G. V., Granados, A., Gubbi, S., Harich, F., Haurez, B., Havmøller, R. W., Helmy, O., Isbell, L. A., Jenks, K., Kalle, R., Kamjing, A., Khamcha, D., Kiebou-Opepa, C., Kinnaird, M., Kruger, C., Laudisoit, A., Lynam, A., Macdonald, S. E., Mathai, J., Sienne, J. M., Meier, A., Mills, D., Mohd-Azlan, J., Nakashima, Y., Nash, H. C., Ngoprasert, D., Nguyen, A., O-Brien, T., Olson, D., Orbell, C., Poulsen, J., Ramesh, T., Reeder, D., Reyna, R., Rich, L. N., Rode-Margono, J., Rovero, F., Sheil, D., Shirley, M. H., Stratford, K., Sukumal, N., Suwanrat, S., Tantipisanuh, N., Tilker, A., Van Berkel, T., Van der Weyde, L. K., Varney, M., Weise, F., Wiesel, I., Wilting, A., Wong, S. T., Waterman, C. and Challender, D. W. S. (2019). Pangolins in global camera trap data: Implications for ecological monitoring. Global Ecology and Conservation 20 (e00769)

Kitamura, S., Thong-Aree, S., Madsri, S. and Poonswad, P. (2010) Mammal diversity and conservation in a small isolated forest of southern Thailand.  The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 58 (1): 145-156

Lagrada, L.S. (2012) Population density, distribution and habitat preferences of the Palawan pangolin, Manis culionensis (de ELERA, 1915). MSc Thesis. Faculty of the Graduate School University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Philippines

Li, H-F., Lin, J-S., Lan, Y-C., Pei, K. J-C. and Su, N-Y. (2011) Survey of the termites (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae) in a Formosan pangolin habitat.  Florida Entomologist 94 (3): 534-538

Lim, N.T.L. (2008) Autecology of the Sunda pangolin  (Manis javanica) in Singapore.  MSc Thesis. Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Lim, N.T.L. and Ng, P.K.L. (2007) Home range, activity cycle and natal den usage of a female Sunda pangolin Manis javanica (Mammalia: Pholidota) in Singapore. Endangered Species Research 4: 233-240

Lim, N.T.K., and Ng, P.K.L. (2008) Predation on Manis javanica by Python reticulatus in Singapore. Hamadryad 32 (1): 62-65

Mahmood, T., Irshad, N. and Hussain, R. (2014) Habitat preference and population estimates of Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) in district Chakwal of Potohar Plateau, Pakistan. Russian Journal of Ecology 45 (1): 70-75

Mahmood, T., Jabeen, K., Hussain, R. and Kayani, A.R. (2013) Plant species association, burrow characteristics and the diet of the Indian pangolin, Manis crassicaudata, in the Potohar Plateau, Pakistan.  Pakistan Journal of Zoology 45 (6): 1533-1539

Mahmood, T., Irshad, N., Hussain, R., Akrim, F., Hussain, I., Anwar, M., Rais, M., and Naddem, M.S. (2015) Breeding habits of the Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) in Potohar Plateau, Pakistan. Mammalia 80 (2): 231–234

Mahmood, T., Andleeb, S., Anwar, M., Rais, M., Nadeem, M.S., Akrim, F. and Hussain, R.  (2015) Distribution, abundance and vegetation analysis of the scaly anteater (Manis crassicaudata) in Margalla Hills National Park Islamabad, Pakistan. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 25 (5): 1311-1321

Mahmood, T., Kanwal, K. and Zaman, I-U. (2018). Records of the Indian Pangolin (Mammalia: Pholidota: Manidae: Manis crassicaudata) from Mansehra District, Pakistan. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10 (2): 11254-11261

Marler, P.N. (2016) Camera trapping the Palawan pangolin Manis culionensis (Mammalia: Pholidota: Manidae) in the wild. Journal of Threatened Taxa 8 (12): 9443-9448

Mishra, S. and Panda, S. (2012) Distribution of Indian pangolin Manis crassicaudata Gray (Pholidota, Manidae) in Orissa: a rescue prospective. Small Mammal Mail - Bi-Annual Newsletter of CCINSA & RISCINSA 1 (3): 51-53

Misra, M. (2000) Pangolin distribution and trade in East and Northeast India. TRAFFIC Dispatches 14: 4-5

Mohapatra, R. K. (2018). Rare observations of inter-specific interaction of sloth bear and leopard with Indian pangolin at Satpura Tiger Reserve, Central India. Biodiversity International Journal 2 (4): 331-333

Mugume, S., Isabirye-Basuta, G., Otali, E., Reyna-Hurtado, R., and Chapman, C.A. (2015) How do human activities influence the status and distribution of terrestrial mammals in forest reserves? Journal of Mammalogy 96 (5): 998-1004

Nabhitabhata, J. and Chan-ard, T. 2005. Thailand Red Data : Mammals, Reptiles and Amphibians. Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Thailand. 234 p

Nowak, R.M. and Paradiso, J.L. (1992) Walker’s Mammals of the World. John’s Hopkins University Press: 1239-1242

Pagés, E. (1975) Étude éco-éthologique de Manis tricuspis par radio-tracking. Mammalia 39 (4): 613-642

Panjang, E.B. (2012) The ecology of Sunda pangolin Manis javanica in Sabah. BSc Dissertation. School of Science and Technology. University Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia.

Pantel, S. and Chin, S.Y. (ed.) (2008) Proceedings of the workshop on trade and conservation of pangolins native to south and southeastern Asia.  30 June – 2 July 2008, Singapore Zoo,  Singapore. TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

Pei, K.J-P., Lai, Y-C., Corlett, R.T., and Suen, K-Y. (2010) The larger mammal fauna of Hong Kong: species survival in a highly degraded landscape.   Zoological Studies  49 (2): 253-264

Perera, P. and Karawita, H. (2020). An update of distribution, habitats and conservation status of the Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) in Sri Lanka. Global Ecology and Conservation 21 (e00799)

Perera, P.K.P., Karawita, K.V.D.H.R. and Pabasara, M.G.T. (2017)  Pangolins (Manis crassicaudata) in Sri Lanka: a review of current knowledge, threats and research priorities.  Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment 7 (1): 1-14

Pietersen, D.W., McKechnie, A.E. and Jansen, R. (2014) Home range, habitat selection and activity patterns of an arid-zone population of Temminck’s ground pangolins, Smutsia temminckii.  African Zoology 49 (2): 265-276

Pietersen, D.W. (2016) Comments on the longevity of ground pangolins (Smutsia spp.) in general, and Temminck’s Ground Pangolin (Smutsia temminckii) in particular. Unpublished report.

Rao, M., Htun, S., Zaw, T. and Myint, T. (2010) Hunting, livelihoods and declining wildlife in the Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, North Myanmar. Environmental Management 46: 143-153

Richer, R.A., Coulson, I.M. and Heath, M.E. (1997) Foraging behaviour and ecology of the Cape pangolin (Manis temminckii) in north-western Zimbabwe. African Journal Ecology 35: 361-369

Ripple W.J. et al. (2016) Bushmeat hunting and extinction risk to the world’s mammals. Royal Society Open Science 3: 160498

Shek, C-T., Chan, C.S.M. and Wan, Y-F. (2007) Camera trap survey of Hong Kong terrestrial mammals in 2002-06. Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department Newsletter 15: 1-16

Sodeinde, O.A. and Adedipe, S.R. (1994) Pangolins in south-west Nigeria - current status and prognosis. Oryx 28(1): 43-50

Sun, N. C-M., Sompud, J. and Pei, K. J-C. (2018). Nursing Period, Behavior Development, and Growth Pattern of a Newborn Formosan Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla) in the Wild. Tropical Conservation Science 11: 1-6

Sun, N. C-M., Arora, B., Lin, J-S., Lin, W-C., Chi, M-J., Chen, C-C. and Pei, C. J-C. (2019). Mortality and morbidity in wild Taiwanese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla). PLOS ONE 14 (2): e0212960

Sun, N. C-M., Pei, K. J-C. and Lin, J-S. (2019). Attaching tracking devices to pangolins: A comprehensive case study of Chinese pangolin Manis pentadactyla from southeastern Taiwan. Global Ecology and Conservation 20 (e00700)

Swart, J.M., Richardson, P.R.K. and Ferguson, J.W.H. (1999) Ecological factors affecting the feeding behaviour of pangolins (Manis temminckii). Journal of Zoology 247 (3): 281-292

Wu, S. B. and Ma, G. (2007).The status and conservation of pangolins in China. TRAFFIC East Asia Newsletter (4): 1-5

Trageser, S.J., Ghose, A., Faisal, M., Mro, P., Mro, P. and Rahman, S.C. (2017) Pangolin distribution and conservation status in Bangladesh. PLoS ONE 12(4): e0175450

Tsai, Y-L.., Yuan, H-W., Chen, P-C. and Yang, C-W. (2004) Preliminary study on the habitat of the Taiwan pangolin (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla) at Muchia area.  Jour. Exp. For. Nat. Taiwan Univ. 18(1): 29-34

Willcox, D., Bull, D., Nguyen, V.N., Tran, Q.P. and Nguyen, V.T. (2017) Small carnivore records from the U Minh Wetlands, Vietnam.  Small Carnivore Conservation 55: 4–25

Willcox, D., Nash, H. C., Trageser, S., Kim, H. J., Hywood, L., Connelly, E., Ichu Ichu, G., Nyumu, J. K., Moumbolou, C. L. M., Ingram, D. J. and Challender, D. W. S. (2019). Evaluating methods for detecting and monitoring pangolin (Pholidata: Manidae) populations. Global Ecology and Conservation 17 (e00539)

Wu, S-B., Ma, G-Z., Tang, M., Chen, H. and Liu, N.F. (2002) The status and conservation strategy of pangolin resource in China. Journal of Nature Resources 17(2): 174-180

Wu, S-B., Liu, N., Zhang, Y. and Guangzhi, M.A. (2004) Assessment of threatened status of Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla). Chinese Journal Applied and Environmental Biology 10(4):456-461

Wu, S-B., Liu, N.-F., Ma, G-Z., Xu, Z-R. and Chen, H. (2003) Studies on habitat selection by Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) in winter in Dawuling Natural Reserve. Acta Ecologica Sinica 23(6):1079-1086

Wu, S-B., Guangzhi, M.A., Tang, M., Chen, H., Xu, T. and Liu, N. (2002) The population and density of pangolin in Dawuling Natural Reserve and the number of pangolin resource in Guangdong Province. Acta Theriologica Sinica 22 (4): 270-276

Wu, S-B., Liu, N., Zhang, Y. and Guangzhi, M.A. (2004) Physical measurement and comparison for two species of pangolin. Acta Theriologica Sinica 24 (4): 361-364

Wu, S-B., Wang, Y-X. and Feng, Q. (2005) A new record of Mammalia in China – Manis Javanica. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 30 (2): 440-443

Yang, L., Chen, M., Challender, D. W. S., Waterman, C., Zhang, C., Huo, Z., Liu, H. and Luan, X. (2018). Historical data for conservation: reconstructing range changes of Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) in eastern China (1970–2016). Proceedings of the Royal Society B 285 (1885)

Zhang, S., Zheng, F., Li, J., Bao, Q., Lai, J. and Cheng, H. (2017) Monitoring diversity of ground-dwelling birds and mammals in Wuyanling National Nature Reserve using infrared camera traps. Biodiversity Science 25 (4): 427-429

Zhang, F., Wu, S-B., Yang, L., Zhang, L., Sun, R. and Li, S. (2015) Reproductive parameters of the Sunda pangolin Manis javanica.  Folia Zoologica 64 (2): 129-135

Zhou, Z-M., Zhao, H., Zhang, Z-X., Wang, Z-H. and Wang, H. (2012) Allometry of scales in Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) and Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica) and application in judicial expertise.  Zoological Research 33 (3): 271-275

Du Toit, Z., Grobler, J.P., Kotze, A., Jansen, R. and Dalton, D.L. (2017) Scale samples from Temminck’s ground pangolin (Smutsia temminckii): a non-invasive source of DNA. Conservation Genetics Resources 9 (1): 1-4

Kumar, V.P., Rajpoot, A., Mukesh, Shukla, M., Kumar, D., and Goyal, S.P. (2016) Illegal trade of Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata): genetic study from scales based on mitochondrial genes. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences 6: 524-533

Luczon, A.U., Ong, P.S., Quilang, J.P., and Fontanilla, I.K.C. (2016) Determining species identity from confiscated pangolin remains using DNA barcoding. Mitochondrial DNA Part B 1 (1): 763-766

Nash, H. C., Wirdateti, Low, G. W., Choo, S. W., Chong, J. L., Semiadi, G., Hari, R., Sulaiman, M. H., Turvey, S. T., Evans, T. A. and Rheindt, F. E. (2018). Conservation genomics reveals possible illegal trade routes and admixture across pangolin lineages in Southeast Asia. Conservation Genetics 19 (5): 1083-1095

Zhang, H., Miller, M.P., Yang, F., Chan H.K., Gaubert, P., Ades, G., and Fischer, G.A. (2015) Molecular tracing of confiscated pangolin scales for conservation and illegal trade monitoring in Southeast Asia.  Global Ecology and Conservation 4: 414-422

Acharjyo, L.N. (2000) Management of Indian Pangolin in captivity. 125 Years of Calcutta Zoo (1875-2000). The Managing Committee, Zoological Garden, Alipore, Calcutta. 27-30

Cabana, F., Plowman, A., Van Nguyen, T., Chin, S.-C., Wu, S.-L., Lo, H.-Y., Watabe, H., and Yamamoto, F. (2017) Feeding Asian pangolins: An assessment of current diets fed in institutions worldwide.  Zoo Biology 36 (4): 298-305

Challender, D.W.S., Van Nguyen, T., Jones, M. and May, L. (2012) Time-budgets and activity patterns of captive Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica).  Zoo Biology 31 (2): 208-218

Chen, S.-M., His, C.-C., Chen, Y.-M., and Chang, M.-H. (2005) Activity pattern of Formosan pangolin (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla) in captivity. Taipei Zoo, Taipei, R.O.C.

Chin, S.-C., Lien, C.-Y., Chan, Y.-T., Chen, C.-L., Yang, Y-C., and Yeh, L-S. (2012) Monitoring the gestation period of rescued formosan pangolin (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla) with progesterone radioimmunoassay. Zoo Biology 31 (4): 479-489

Heath, M.E. and Vanderlip, S.L. (1988) Biology, husbandry, and veterinary care of captive Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla). Zoo Biology 7 (4): 293-312

Hoyt, R. A. (1987) Pangolins: past, present and future. AAZPA National Conference Proceedings 1987: 107-134

Hua, L., Gong, S., Wang, F., Li, W., Ge, Y., Li, X. and Hou, F. (2015) Captive breeding of pangolins: current status, problems and future prospects. Zoo Keys 507: 99-114

Lee, R.H., Cheung, K., Fellowes, J.R. and Guénard, B. (2017) Insights into the Chinese pangolin’s (Manis pentadactyla) diet in a peri-urban habitat: a case study from Hong Kong. Tropical Conservation Science 10: 1-7

Mohapatra, R. K., Panda, S. and Nair, M.V. (2014) Architecture and microclimate of burrow systems of Indian pangolins in captivity. In L. N. Acharjyo and S. Panda (Eds.). Indian Zoo Year Book. vol. VIII. (pp12-24) Indian Zoo Directors’ Association and Central Zoo Authority, New Delhi

Mohapatra, R., Panda S. and M. Nair (2015) On the mating behaviour of captive Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata). Taprobanica 7(1): 57–59

Mohapatra, R. K., Panda, S. and Sahu, S. K. (2018) On the gestation period of Indian pangolins (Manis crassicaudata) in captivity. Biodiversity International Journal 2 (6): 559-560

Mohapatra, R.K. and Panda, S. (2013) Behavioural sampling techniques and activity pattern of Indian pangolin Manis crassicaudata (Mammalia: Manidae) in captivity. Journal of Threatened Taxa 5 (17): 5247-5255

Mohapatra, R.K. and Panda, S. (2014) Behavioural descriptions of Indian pangolins (Manis crassicaudata) in captivity. International Journal of Zoology 2014: 1-7

Mohapatra, R.K. and Panda, S. (2014) Husbandry, behavior and conservation breeding of Indian pangolin.  Folia Zoologica 63 (2): 73-80

Pattnaik A.K. (2008) Enclosure design and enrichment - key to the successful conservation breeding of Indian pangolin (Mani crassicaudata) in captivity. In L. N. Acharjyo and A.K. Pattnaik (Eds.). Indian Zoo Year Book. vol. V. (pp 91-102) Indian Zoo Directors’ Association and Central Zoo Authority, New Delhi

Nash, H., Lee, P. B. and Low, M-R. (2018) Rescue, rehabilitation and release of Sunda pangolins in Singapore. 221-225

Nguyen, V. T., Clark, L.  and Tran Quang Phuong (2010) Management Guidelines for Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica). Carnivore and Pangolin Conservation Program – Save Vietnam’s Wildlife, Vietnam

Yang, C.W., Chen, S., Chang, C-Y., Lin, M.F., Block, E., Lorentsen, R., Chin, J.S.C. and Dierenfeld, E.S. (2007) History and dietary husbandry of pangolins in captivity.  Zoo Biology 26: 223-230

Yang, C.W., Chou, C.S. and Chao, M.C. (2000) The feeding of the Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla pendadactyla) at Taipei Zoo. Taipei Zoo, 30 Sec. 2, Hsin Kuang Road, Taipei, Taiwan

Zhang, F., Wu, S., Yang, L., Zhang, L., Sun, R. and Li, S. (2015) Reproductive parameters of the Sunda pangolin, Manis javanica.  Folia Zoologica 64 (2): 129-135

Zhang, F., Yu, J., Wu, S., Li, S., Zou, C., Wang, Q. and Sun, R. (2017) Keeping and breeding the rescued Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) in captivity.  Zoo Biology 36 (6): 387-396

Zhang, F., Wu, S., Zou, C., Wang, Q., Li, S. and Sun, R. (2016) A note on captive breeding and reproductive parameters of the Chinese pangolin, Manis pentadactyla. Linnaeus, 1758. Zoo Keys 618: 129-144

Arnason, U., Adegoke, J.A., Bodin, K., Born, E.W., Esa, Y.B., Gullberg, A., Nilsson, M., Short, R.V., Xu, X., and Janke, A. (2002) Mammalian mitogenomic relationships and the root of the eutherian tree. PNAS 9 (12): 8151-8156

Chan, L-K. (1995) Extrinsic lingual musculature of two pangolins (Pholidota: Manidae). Journal of Mammology 76 (2): 472-480

Choo, S.W. et al. (2016) Pangolin genomes and the evolution of mammalian scales and immunity. Genome Research 26: 1312-1322

Du Toit, Z., Du Plessis, M., Dalton, D.L., Jansen, R., Grobler, J. P. and Kotzé, A. (2017) Mitochondrial genomes of African pangolins and insights into evolutionary patterns and phylogeny of the family Manidae. BMC Genomics 18: 746

Earl of Cranbrook (2009) Late quaternary turnover of mammals in Borneo: the zooarchaeological record. Biodiversity Conservation 19 (2): 373-391

Gaubert, P. et al. (2016) The complete phylogeny of pangolins: Scaling up resources for the molecular tracing of the most trafficked mammals on Earth. Journal of Heredity 109 (4): 347-359

Gaubert, P. and Antunes, A. (2005) Assessing the taxonomic status of the Palawan pangolin Manis culionensis (Pholidota) using discrete morphological characters. Journal of Mammalogy 86 (6): 1068-1074

Gaudin, T.J., Emry, R.J. and Wible, J.R. (2009) The phylogeny of living and extinct pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and associated taxa: a morphology based analysis. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 16: 235-305

Gaudin, T.J., Emry, R.J. and Pogue, B. (2006) A new genus and species of pangolin (Mammalia, Pholidota) from the Late Eocene of Inner Mongolia, China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 (1): 146-159

Gaudin, T.J. and Wible, J.R. (1999) The entotympanic of pangolins and the phylogeny of Pholidota (Mammalia). Journal of Mammalian Evolution 6 (1): 39-65

Hari, R., Paterson, I.C. and Choo, S.W. (2016) A new complete mitogenome of the critically endangered Chinese pangolin Manis pentadactyla. Conservation Genetics Resources 8 (4): 423-426

Hassanin, A., Hugot, J-P. and Van Vuuren, B.J. (2015) Comparison of mitochondrial genome sequences of pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota). Comptes Rendus Biologies 338 (4): 260-265

Irshad, N., Mahmood, T. and Nadeem, M.S. (2016) Morpho-anatomical characteristics of Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) from Potohar Plateau, Pakistan. Mammalia 80 (1): 103-110

Kondrashov, P. and Agadjanian, A.K. (2012) A nearly complete skeleton of Ernanodon (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32 (5): 983-1001

Li, W., Gong, S., Hua, L., Ge, Y., Wang, F. and Hou, F. (2015) Complete mitochondrial genome sequence for the Malayan Pangolin Manis javanica (Pholidota, Manidae). Conservation Genetics Resources 7 (3): 685-687

Luo, S-J. et al. (2007) Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota, Manis spp.). Molecular Ecology Notes 7 (2): 269-272

Nisa, C., Agungpriyono, S., Kitamura, N., Sasaki, M., Yamada, J. and Sigit, K. (2010) Morphological features of the stomach of Malayan pangolin, Manis javanica. Anatomia Histologia Embryologia 39(5):432-439

Pocock, R.I. (1924) The external characters of the pangolins (Manidae). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 94 (3): 707-723

Rose, K. D. and Gaudin, T.J. (2010) Edentata and Pholidota (Armadillos, Anteaters, Sloths and Pangolins). Encyclopedia of Life Sciences.

Sodeinde, O.A., Adefuke, A.A. and Balogun, O.F. (2002) Morphometric analysis of Manis tricuspis (Pholidota-Mammalia) from South-Western Nigeria. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 8 (1): 7-13

Wu, S-H., Chen, M., Chin, S-C., Lee, D-J., Wen, P-Y., Chen, L-W., Wang, B-T. and Yu, H-T. (2007) Cytogenetic analysis of the Formosan pangolin, Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla (Mammalia: Pholidota). Zoological Studies 46 (4): 389-396

Yusoff, A.M. et al. (2016) De novo sequencing, assembly and analysis of eight different transcriptomes from the Malayan pangolin. Scientific Reports 6: 28199

Zhihai, H., Jiang, X., Shuiming, X., Baosheng, L., Yuan, G., Chaochao, Z., Ziaohui, Q., Wen, X. and Shilin, C. (2016) Comparative optical genome analysis of two pangolin species:Manis pentadactyla and Manis javanica/. Gigascience 5 (1): 1-5

Zhou, Z-M., Zhao, H., Zhang, Z-X., Wang, Z-H. and Wang, H. (2012) Allometry of scales in Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) and Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica) and  application in judicial expertise. Zoological Research 33 (3): 271-275

Angelici, F.M., Luiselli, L., Politano, E. and Akani, G.C. (1999) Bushmen and mammal-fauna: a survey of the mammals traded in bush-meat markets of local people in the rainforests of south-eastern Nigeria. Anthropozoologica 30: 51-58

Anon (1984) Growing trade between Japan and US. TRAFFIC (Japan) Newsletter 1 (4)

Anon (1998) Borderline: An assessment of wildlife trade in Vietnam. A draft report prepared by WWF Indochina Programme, Hanoi, March 1998

Anon. (2010) Understanding the motivations: the first step toward influencing China's unsustainable wildlife consumption. TRAFFIC East Asia.

Azhar, B., Lindenmayer, D., Wood, J., Fischer, J., Manning, A., McElhinny, C. and Zakaria, M. (2013) Contribution of illegal hunting, culling of pest species, road accidents and feral dogs in biodiversity loss in established oil-palm landscapes. Wildlife Research 40: 1-9

Baiyewu, A. O., Boakye, M. K., Kotzé, A., Dalton, D. L. and Jansen, R. (2018). Ethnozoological Survey of Traditional Uses of Temminck’s Ground Pangolin (Smutsia temminckii) in South Africa. Society and Animals 26: 1-20

Bayin, J., Matsumoto, M., Islam, M.S., Yabuki, A., Kanouchi, H., Oka, T. and Nishinakagawa, H. (2009) Promoting effects of Chinese pangolin and wild pink medicines on the mammary gland development in immature mice. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 71 (10): 1325-1330

Bayron, A.C. (2014) Trade dynamics of Palawan pangolin Manis culionensis. BSc Dissertation. Western Philippines University, Puerto Princesa Campus, Pueto Princesa, Philippines.

Boakye, M.K., Pietersen, D.W., Kotzé, A., Dalton, D.L. and Jansen, R. (2014) Ethnomedicinal use of African pangolins by traditional medicine practitioners in Sierra Leone. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 10: 76

Boakye, M.K., Pietersen, D.W.,  Kotzé, A., Dalton, D-L. and Jansen, R. (2014) Knowledge and uses of African pangolins as a source of traditional medicine in Ghana. PLoS ONE 10 (1): e0117199

Boakye, M.K., Kotzé, A., Dalton, D.L. and Jansen, R. (2016) Unravelling the pangolin bushmeat commodity chain and the extent of trade in Ghana. Human Ecology 44 (2): 257-264

Bräutigam, A., Howes, J., Humphreys, T. and Hutton, J. (1994) Recent information on the status and utilization of African pangolins. TRAFFIC Bulletin 15 (1): 15-22. Available at www.traffic.org/Bulletin

Chaber, A.-L., Allebone-Webb, S., Lignereux, Y. Cunningham, A.A. and Rowcliffe, J.M. (2010) The scale of illegal meat importation from Africa to Europe via Paris. Conservation Letters 3: 317-323

Challender, D.W.S. (2011) Asian pangolins: increasing affluence driving hunting pressure. TRAFFIC Bulletin 23 (3): 92-93

Challender, D.W.S., Baillie, J.E.M., Waterman, C., Pietersen, D., Nash, H., Wicker, L., Parker, K., Thomson, P., Nguyen, T.V., Hywood, L. and Shepherd, C.R. (2016) On scaling up pangolin conservation. TRAFFIC Bulletin 28 (1): 19-21

Challender, D.W.S., Harrop, S.R. and MacMilllan, D.C. (2015) Towards informed and multi-faceted wildlife trade interventions. Global Ecology and Conservation 3: 129-148

Challender, D.W.S. and Hywood, L. (2012) African pangolins under increased pressure from poaching and intercontinental trade. TRAFFIC Bulletin 24 (2): 53-55

Challender, D.W.S., Harrop, S.R. and MacMillan, D.C. (2015) Understanding markets to conserve trade-threatened species in CITES. Biological Conservation 187: 249-259

Challender, D.W.S. and MacMillan, D.C. (2013) Poaching is more than an enforcement problem. Conservation Letters 7 (5): 483-494

Challender, D.W.S. and MacMillan, D.C. (2014) Transforming wildlife trade interventions: reply to Phelps et al. Conservation Letters 7 (5): 497-498

Challender, D. W. S., Sas-Rolfes, M., Ades, G. W. J., Chin, J. S. C., Sun, N. C-M., Chong, J. L., Connelly, E., Hywood, L., Luz, S., Mohapatra, R. K., de Ornellas, P., Parker, K., Pietersen, D. W., Roberton, S. I., Semiadi, G., Shaw, D., Sheperd, C. R., Thomson, P., Wang, Y., Wicker, L., Wu, S. B., and Nash, H. C. (2019). Evaluating the feasibility of pangolin farming and its potential conservation impact. Global Ecology and Conservation 20 (e00714)

De Heusch, L., Douglas, M. and Lewis, I.M. (1993) Hunting the pangolin. Man 28 (1): 159-166

Do Thi Thanh Huyen, Bui Huu Manh, Hoang Duc Huy and Do Thi Hong Hoa (2011) Consumption of wild animal products in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam - Results of resident and student survey. Ho Chi Minh City. Vietnam

Douglas, M. (1957) Animals in Lele religious symbolism. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 27 (1): 46-58

Drury, M. (2009) Reducing urban demand for wild animals in Vietnam: examining the potential of wildlife farming as a conservation tool. Conservation Letters 2 (6): 263-270

EAGLE Network (2017) Wildlife law enforcement briefing. The EAGLE Network Report. p1-7

Fa, J.E., Garcia Yuste, J.E. and Castelo, R. (2000). Bushmeat markets on Bioko Island as a measure of hunting pressure. Conservation Biology 14 (6): 1602-1613

Fauzi, M.F.B. (2006) Ethnozoologiocal survey in selected areas in Sarawak. BSc Dissertation. Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia.

Harrison, R.D., Sreekar, R., Brodie, J.F., Brook, S., Luskin, M., O’Kelly, H., Rao, M., Scheffers, B. and Velho, N. (2016) Impacts of hunting on tropical forests in Southeast Asia. Conservation Biology 30 (5): 972-981

Heinrich, S., Koehncke, A. and Shepherd, C. S. (2019). The role of Germany in the illegal global pangolin trade. Global Ecology and Conservation 20 (e00736)

Heinrich, S., Ross, J. V. and Cassey, P. (2019). Of cowboys, fish, and pangolins: US trade in exotic leather. Conservation Science and Practice 1 (8): e75

Heinrich, S., Wittmann, T.A., Prowse, T.A.A., Ross, J.V., Delean, S., Shepherd, C.R. and Cassey, P. (2016) Where did all the pangolins go? International CITES trade in pangolin species. Global Ecology and Conservation. 8: 241-53

Heinrich, S., Wittmann, T.A., Ross, J.V., Shepherd, C.R., Challender, D.W.S. and Cassey, P. (2017) The global trafficking of pangolins: a comprehensive summary of seizures and trafficking routes from 2010-2015. TRAFFIC, Southeast Asia Regional Office, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

Hongfa, X. and Kirkpatrick, C. (Eds) (2006) The state of wildlife trade in China. Information on the trade in wild animals and plants in China 2006. TRAFFIC East Asia China Programme

Hongfa, X. and Kirkpatrick, C. (Eds) (2007) The state of wildlife trade in China. Information on the trade in wild animals and plants in China 2007. TRAFFIC East Asia China Programme

Hsieh, C-C. (2005) The lactation performance, immunomodulation and antitumor effects in the replacement drugs of Squama Manitis. Yearbook of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy 23 (5): 93-126

Ingram, D.J. et al. (2017) Assessing Africa-wide pangolin exploitation by scaling local data. Conservation Letters doi:10.1111/conl.12389

Ingram, D.J., Coad, L. and Scharlemann, J.P.W. (2016) Hunting and sale of pangolins across Sub-Saharan Africa: a preliminary analysis. OFFTAKE Working Paper No. 1. doi:10.5281/zenodo.44527. Available at: www.offtake.org

Ingram, D. J., Cronin, D. T., Challender, D. W. S., Venditti, D. M. and Gonder, M. K. (2019). Characterising trafficking and trade of pangolins in the Gulf of Guinea. Global Ecology and Conservation 20 (e00576)

Kang, S. and Phipps, M. (2003) A question of attitude: South Korea’s traditional medicine practitioners and wildlife conservation. TRAFFIC East Asia, Hong Kong.

Kaspal, P. (2010) Saving the Pangolins: Ethno zoology and pangolin conservation awareness in human  dominated landscapes of Nepal. Proceedings of First One day National Seminar on Small Mammals Issues, May 15, 2010, Jawlakhel, Lalitpur, Nepal 43-58

Katuwal, H.B., Neupane, K.R., Adhikari, D., Sharma, M. and Thapa, S. (2015) Pangolins in eastern Nepal: trade and ethno-medicinal importance. Journal of Threatened Taxa 7 (9): 7563-7567

Kulkarni, C.G. and Adwait, D. (2011) Folk therapies of Katkaris from Maharashtra. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 10 (3): 554-558

Lawrence, N. (2015). Exotic origins: the emblematic biogeographies of early modern scaly mammals. Itinerario. 39 (01): 17-43. doi.org/10.1017/S016511531500011X

Li, W., Fuller, T.K. and Sung, W. (1996) A survey of wildlife trade in Guangxi and Guangdong, China. TRAFFIC Bulletin 16 (1): 9-16

Li, Y. and Dianmo, L. (1998) The dynamics of trade in live wildlife across the Guangxi border between China and Vietnam during 1993-1996 and its control strategies. Biodiversity and Conservation 7: 895-914

Liu, X., Zhu, Y., Hu, F., Liu, X, Lu, H. and Geng, W. (2015) Endangered species surveys and pangolin products based source identification. Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine 11 (15): 35-36

Liu, Z.Q., Jiao, D., Weng, Z.Y. and Zhang, Z.F. (2016) Water-assisted self-healing and property recovery in a natural dermal armor of pangolin scales. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 56: 14-22

Loucks, C., Mascia, M.B., Maxwell, A., Huy, K., Duong, K., Chea, N., Long, B., Cox, N. and Seng, T. (2009) Wildlife decline in Cambodia, 1953–2005: exploring the legacy of armed conflict. Conservation Letters 2: 82–92

Luo, J., Yan, D., Zhang, D., Feng, X., Yan, Y., Dong, X. and Xiao, X. (2011) Substitutes for endangered medicinal animal horns and shells exposed by antithrombotic and anticoagulation effects. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 136 (1): 210-216

Luskin, M.S., Christina, E.D., Kelley, L.C. and Potts, M.D. (2014) Modern hunting practices and wild meat trade in the oil palm plantation-dominated landscapes of Sumatra, Indonesia. Human Ecology 42(1):35-45

MacMillan, D.C. and Anh Nguyen, Q. (2013) Factors influencing the illegal harvest of wildlife by trapping and snaring among the Katu ethnic group in Vietnam. Oryx, 48 (2): 304-312

Madhusudan, M.D. and Karanth, K.U. (2002) Local hunting and the conservation of large mammals in India. Ambio 31 (1): 49-54

Mahmood, T., Hussain, R., Irshad, N., Akrim, F. and Nadeem, M.S. (2012) Illegal mass killing of Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) in Potohar Region, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 44 (5): 1457-1461

Marshall, N.T. (1998) Searching for a cure: conservation of medicinal wildlife resources in east and southern Africa. TRAFFIC International

Mohapatra, R.K., Panda, S., Nair, M.V., Acharjyo, L.N. and Challender, D.W.S. (2015) A note on the illegal trade and use of pangolin body parts in India. TRAFFIC Bulletin 27 (1): 33-40

Nash, H.C., Wong, M.H.G. and Turvey, S.T. (2016) Using local ecological knowledge to determine status and threats of the Critically Endangered Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) in Hainan, China. Biological Conservation 196: 189-195

Nash, S.V. (1997) Fin, feather, scale and skin: observations on the wildlife trade in Lao PDR and Vietnam. A TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Report

Newton, P., Nguyen Van T., Roberton, S. and Bell, D. (2008) Pangolins in peril: using hunters’ knowledge to conserve elusive species in Vietnam. Endangered Species Research 6: 41-53

Nguyen, V.S. (2008) Wildlife trading in Vietnam: situations, causes, and solutions. The Journal of Environment and Development 17 (2): 145-165

Nijman, V., Zhang, M.X. and Shepherd, C.R. (2016) Pangolin trade in the Mong La wildlife market and the role of Myanmar in the smuggling of pangolins into China. Global Ecology and Conservation 5: 118-126

Nijman, V. (2010) An overview of international wildlife trade from Southeast Asia. Biodiversity and Conservation 19 (4): 1101-1114

Nijman, V. (2015) Pangolin seizures data reported in the Indonesian media. TRAFFIC Bulletin 27 (2): 44-46

Nuwer, R., and Bell, D. (2014)  Identifying and quantifying the threats to biodiversity in the U Minh peat swamp forests of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Oryx 48 (1): 88-94

Pantel, S. and Anak, N.A. (2010) A preliminary assessment of Sunda pangolin trade in Sabah. TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia

Pantel, S. and Chin, S.Y. (eds) (2009) Proceedings of the Workshop on Trade and Conservation of Pangolins Native to South and Southeast Asia. 30 June to 2 July 2008, Singapore Zoo, Singapore. TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

Roberton, S. (2004) An assessment of the threats to the biodiversity of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Quang Binh province, Vietnam.

Sas-Rolfes, M. 't., Challender, D. W. S., Hinsley, A., Veríssimo, D. and Milner-Gulland, E. J. (2019). Illegal Wildlife Trade: Scale, Processes, and Governance. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 44: 201-228

Schoppe, S. and Cruz, R. (2008) Armoured but endangered: galvanizing action to mitigate the illegal trade in Asian pangolins: the situation in Palawan, Philippines. A report submitted to TRAFFIC by Katala Foundation Incorporated.

Setlalekgomo, M.R. (2014) Ethnozoological survey of the indigenous knowledge on the use of pangolins (Manis Sps) in traditional medicine in Lentsweletau Extended Area in Botswana. Journal of Animal Science Advances 4 (6): 883-890

Shairp, R., Veríssimo, D., Fraser, I., Challender, D. and  MacMillan, D. (2016) Understanding urban demand for wild meat in Vietnam: implications for conservation actions. PLoSONE 11 (1): e0134787 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134787

Sodeinde, O.A. and Adedipe, S.R. (1994) Pangolins in south-west Nigeria – current status and prognosis. Oryx 28 (1): 43-50

Soewu, D.A. and Adekanola, T.A. (2011) Traditional-medical knowledge and perception of pangolins (Manis sps) among the Awori people, Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 7:25

Soewu, D.A. and Sodeinde, O.A. (2015) Utilization of pangolins in Africa: fueling factors, diversity of uses and sustainability. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 7 (1): 1-10

Soewu, D.A. and Ayodele, I.A. (2009) Utilisation of pangolin (Manis sps) in traditional Yorubic medicine in Ijebu province, Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 5: 39

Srinivasulu, C. and Srinivasulu, B. South Asian Mammals. Their Diversity, Distribution, and Status. Springer-Verlag New York

Takandjandji, M. and Sawitri, R. (2013) Analysis of capture and trade of Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822) in Indonesia. Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan 13 (2): 85-101

Tong, J., Lü, T., Ma, Y., Wang, H., Ren, L. and Arnell, R.D. (2007) Two-body abrasive wear of the surfaces of pangolin scales. Journal of Bionic Engineering 4: 77-84

Ullman, T., Veríssimo, D. and Challender, D. W. S. (2019). Evaluating the application of scale frequency to estimate the size of pangolin scale seizures. Global Ecology and Conservation 20: e00776

Venkataraman, B. (Ed) (2007) A matter of attitude: the consumption of wild animal products in Ha Noi, Viet Nam. TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Greater Mekong Programme, Ha Noi, Viet Nam

TRAFFIC (2008) What’s Driving the Wildlife Trade? A Review of Expert Opinion on Economic and Social Drivers of the Wildlife Trade and Trade Control Efforts in Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR and Vietnam. East Asia and Pacific Region Sustainable Development Discussion Papers. East Asia and Pacific Region Sustainable Development Department, World Bank, Washington, DC

Veríssimo, D., Challender, D.W.S. and Nijman, V. (2012) Wildlife trade in Asia: start with the consumer. Asian Journal of Conservation Biology 1 (2): 49-50

Walsh, M.T. (1995) The ritual sacrifice of pangolins among the Sangu of south-west Tanzania. Bulletin of the International Committee on Urgent Anthropological and Ethnological Research  37/38: 155-170

Walsh, M.T. (2003) Unique animals, conflicting practices: pangolins and people in the Great Ruaha Valley, Tanzania

Walsh, M.T. (2004) Pangolins, science and scapegoats: environmental narratives and conflicts in Great Ruaha Catchment, Tanzania. Paper presented to the workshop on Trees, Rain and Politics in Africa:  The Dynamics and Politics of Climatic and Environmental Change, St Antony’s College, University of Oxford, 29 September – 1 October 2004

Walsh, M.T. (2007) Pangolins and politics in the Great Ruaha valley, Tanzania symbol, ritual and difference. In (Eds Dounias, E., Motte-Florac, E. and Dunham, M.) Animal Symbolism.  Animals, Keystone in the Relationship between Man and Nature?

Wang, B., Yang, W., Sherman, V.R. and Meyers, M.A. (2016) Pangolin armor: overlapping, structure, and mechanical properties of the keratinous scales. Acta Biomaterialia 41: 60-74

Wildlife Conservation Society (2009) Illegal wildlife trade in the lowland Dong Nai River Watershed Forest, Southern Vietnam. Wildlife Conservation Society

Webster, M. (1977) China’s back door. Oryx 14 (1): 61-66

Whiting, M.J., Williams, V.L. and Hibbitts, T.J. (2011) Animals traded for traditional medicine at the Faraday market in South Africa: species diversity and conservation implications. Journal of Zoology 284 (2): 84-96

Wright, A. C. A. (1954) The magical importance of pangolins among the Basukuma. Tanganyika Notes and Records 36: 71-72.

Widfateti, W., Semiadi, Y.D.G. (2013) Distribution and habitat of pangolin (Manis javanica) in Tanggamus and Lampung districts, Lampung province. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biodiversitas 2: 181-186

Wu, S.B., Ma, G.Z., Tang, M., Chen, H. And Liu N.F. (2002) The status and conservation strategy on pangolin resource in China. Journal of Natural Resources 17 (2): 174-180

Wu, S.B. and Ma, G.Z. (2007). The status and conservation of pangolins in China.  TRAFFIC East Asia Newsletter (4): 1-5

Xu, L., Guan, J., Lau, W. and Xiao, Y. (2016) An overview of pangolin trade in China. TRAFFIC Briefing Paper

Zhang, H., Miller, M.P., Yang, F., Chan, H.K., Gaubert, P., Ades, G. and Fischer, G.A. (2015) Molecular tracing of confiscated pangolin scales for conservation and illegal trade monitoring in Southeast Asia. Global Ecology and Conservation 4: 414-422

Zhang, Z.J, Jia, H.L., Sun, J.Y. (2016) Review of application of biomimetic for designing soil-engaging tillage implements in Northeast China. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 9 (4): 12-21

Zhang, L. and Yin, F. (2014) Wildlife consumption and conservation awareness in China: a long way to go. Biodiversity and Conservation 23: 2371-2381

Zhou, Z-M., Zhou, Y., Newman, C. and Macdonald, D.W. (2014) Scaling up pangolin protection in China. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 12 (2): 97-98

Abayomi, T.A., Ofusori, D.A., Ayoka, O.A., Odukoya, S.A., Omotoso, E.O., Amergor, F.O., Ajayi, S.A., Ojo, G.B., and Oluwayinka, O.P. (2009) A Comparative Histological Study of the Tongue of Rat (Rattus Norvegicus), Bat (Eidolon Helvum) and Pangolin (Manis Tricuspis).  International Journal of Morphology 27(4): 1111-1119

Chin, S.C., Lien, C.Y., Chan, Y., Chen, C.L., Yang, Y. and Yeh, L.S. (2015) Hematologic and serum biochemical parameters of apparently healthy rescued formosan pangolins (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 46(1): 68-76

Muhammad Hafiz, S., Marina, H., Wahizatul Afzan, A., and Chong, J.L. (2012) Ectoparasite from confiscated Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica Desmarest) in Peninsular Malaysia. UMT 11^thInternational Aannual Symposium on Sustainability Science and Management. Terengganu, Malaysia. 1225-1229

Khatri-Chhetri, R., Wang, H.-C., Chen, C.-C., Shih, G.-C., Liao, H.-C., Sun, C.-M., Khatri-Chhetri, N., Wu, H.-Y., and Pei, K. J.-C. (2016) Surveillance of ticks and associated pathogens in free-ranging Formosan pangolins (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla). Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases 7(6): 1238-1244.

Khatri-Chhetri, R., Sun, C.-M., Wu, H.-Y.,  and Pei K. .J.-C. (2015) Reference intervals for hematology, serum biochemistry, and basic clinical findings in free-ranging Chinese Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) from Taiwan. Veterinary Clinical Pathology 44 (3): 380-390

Kollars, T.M. and Sithiprasasna, R. (2000) New host and distribution record of Amblyomma javanense (Acari: Ixodidae) in Thailand. Journal of Medical Entomology 37 (4): 640-640.